基本信息
| 标准名称： | 轨道交通装备制造业 钻床加工劳动定额 |
| 替代情况： | 替代LD/T 71.5-1994 |
| 发布部门： | 人力资源和社会保障部 |
| 发布日期： | 2009-09-07 |
| 实施日期： | 2009-10-01 |
| 首发日期： | |
| 作废日期： | |
| 主管部门： | 人力资源和社会保障部 |
| 出版社： | 中国标准出版社 |
| 出版日期： | 2009-10-01 |
适用范围
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前言
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引用标准
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所属分类： 食品 食品加工机械 其他食品加工机械 食品技术 食品工业厂房和
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforEvaluatingthePerformanceofRespirableAerosolSamplers
【原文标准名称】:可呼吸的气雾剂样品性能评价的标准操作规程
【标准号】:ASTMD6061-2001(2007)e1
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2001
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D22.04
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:气溶胶;收集器;接收机;采样器;空气污染
【英文主题词】:aerosol;airmonitoring;bias;confidence;conventions;deposition;evaluation;fractions;particle;particulates;penetration;performance;randomvariation;respirable;samplingandanalysis;samplingefficiency;size-selective;tolerance;
【摘要】:Thispracticeissignificantfordeterminingperformancerelativetoidealsamplingconventions.Thepurposesaremultifold:5.1.1Theconventionshavearecognizedtietohealtheffectsandcaneasilybeadjustedtoaccommodatenewfindings.5.1.2Performancecriteriapermitinstrumentdesignerstoseekpracticalsamplerimprovements.5.1.3Performancecriteriapromotecontinuedexperimentaltestingofthesamplersinusewiththeresultthatthesignificantvariables(suchaswindspeed,particlecharge,etc.)affectingsampleroperationbecomeunderstood.Onespecificuseoftheperformancetestsisindeterminingtheefficacyofagivencandidatesamplerforapplicationinregulatorysampling.Theaccuracyofthecandidatesamplerismeasuredinaccordancewiththeevaluationtestsgivenhere.Asamplermaythenbeadoptedforaspecificapplicationiftheaccuracyisbetterthanaspecificvalue.5.2.1Discussion151;Insomeinstances,asamplersoselectedforuseincompliancedeterminationsisspecifiedwithinanexposurestandard.Thisisdonesoastoeliminatedifferencesamongsimilarsamplers.Samplerspecificationthenreplacestherespirablesamplingconvention,eliminatingbias(3.2.10),whichthendoesnotappearintheuncertaintybudget.Althoughthecriteriaarepresentedintermsofacceptedsamplingconventionsgearedmainlytocompliancesampling,otherapplicationsexistaswell.Forexample,supposethataspecificaerosoldiameter-dependenthealtheffectisunderinvestigation.Thenforthepurposeofanepidemiologicalstudyanaerosolsamplerthatreflectsthediameterdependenceofinterestisrequired.Sampleraccuracymaythenbedeterminedrelativetoamodifiedsamplingconvention.1.1Thispracticecoverstheevaluationoftheperformanceofpersonalsamplersofnon-fibrousrespirableaerosol.Thesamplersareassessedrelativetoaspecificrespirablesamplingconvention.Theconventionisoneofseveralthatidentifyspecificparticlesizefractionsforassessinghealtheffectsofairborneparticles.Whenahealtheffectsassessmenthasbeenbasedonaspecificconventionitisappropriatetousethatsameconventionforsettingpermissibleexposurelimitsintheworkplaceandambientenvironmentandformonitoringcompliance.Theconventions,whichdefineinhalable,thoracic,andrespirableaerosolsamplerideals,havenowbeenadoptedbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization(TechnicalReportISOTR7708),theComitEuropendeNormalisation(CENStandardEN481),andtheAmericanConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrialHygienists(ACGIH,Ref(1)),developed(2)inpartfromhealth-effectsstudiesreviewedinRef(3)andinpartasacompromisebetweendefinitionsproposedinRefs(3,4).1.2ThispracticeiscomplimentarytoTestMethodD4532,whichspecifiesaparticularinstrument,the10-mmcyclone.Thesamplerevaluationprocedurespresentedinthispracticehavebeenappliedinthetestingofthe10-mmcycloneaswellastheHiggins-Dewellcyclone.,Detailsontheevaluationhavebeenrecentlypublished(5-7)andcanbeincorporatedintorevisionsofTestMethodD4532.1.3Acentralaimofthispracticeistoprovideinformationrequiredforcharacterizingtheuncertaintyofconcentrationestimatesfromsamplestakenbycandidatesamplers.Forthispurpose,samplingaccuracydatafromtheperformancetestsgivenherecanbecombinedwithinformationastoanalyticalandsamplingpumpuncertaintyobtainedexternally.ThepracticeappliesprinciplesofISOGUM,expandedtocoversituationscommoninoccupationalhygienemeasurement,wherethemeasurandvariesmarkedlyinbothtimeandspace.Ageneralapproach(